A Research On The Issue Of Smoking During Pregnancy

Table of Contents

A review of literary works

Original: The study aimed to investigate the impact of technology on educational outcomes

Paraphrased: This research looked into how technology affects educational results.

The supposition is that

Techniques and Individuals

Data collection

Examining data

Original: Machine Learning

Paraphrased: Artificial intelligence

Outcomes and Discoveries

Examining the Consequences and Implications

Original: Findings and Results

Paraphrased: Results and Outcomes

Smoking during pregnancy can be detrimental to the health of both the mother and the baby. Research has shown that while most parents know the dangers of smoking, they still want to quit. Current estimates show that 10% of European women smoke and only 5% of Japanese women do. Goszczynska, Knol Michalowska, and Petrykowsa indicate that only a handful of these women have a pregnancy. According to this article, the majority of pregnant women who smoke while pregnant are of low socioeconomic class. These women often become addicted to smoking, making it difficult to warn them about the dangers of smoking. There are many reasons they smoke during pregnancy. Although most doctors play an important role in preventing women from smoking, many of them don’t quit. According to the authors, medical professionals are failing because they don’t use effective methods. Instead, they believe that their narrowly focused education is the best strategy to aid these women.

Literature Review Through the umbilical cord, mothers and babies have a special connection. The umbilical line provides sustenance to the fetus from its mother. The umbilical cord provides nourishment to the fetus. Cognitive dissonance, a psychological problem caused by the pressure to quit and the knowledge of the dangers to their babies’ health, is what many pregnant women feel. Cognitive dissonance occurs when there are two opposing thoughts in one’s head at once. Most pregnant women have this mental problem due to their mind having two different thoughts. They think they are good mothers, who want to quit smoking. But they know that their minds are filled with conflicting thoughts. While they may try to stop smoking, the majority of these women never do. According to research, they alter their perceptions about smoking and pregnancy in an effort to reduce cognitive dysfunction (Goszczynska und al., 2016). Many scholars believe that women might rationalize why they smoke during pregnancy. Because they are based on personal experience, and not scientifically supported, these beliefs tend to be based on intuition. Most women who smoke believe it is necessary.

It seems that the anti-tobacco education program has not done much to discourage pregnant women from smoking. Most of the arguments made by health professionals often contradict the personal experiences of pregnant women (Goszczynska and al., 2016). According to this logic, doctors cannot effectively dissuade pregnant women smoking from their programs unless they consider the woman’s perspective. Health professionals are encouraged to analyze the reasons pregnant mothers smoke before they start their prophylactic programs. Goszczynska-et.al. report that this approach has been adopted by very few researchers. (2016). This method is superior to other methods because it allows researchers to study the thoughts patterns of pregnant women before they decide on mitigation strategies (Goszczynska and al., 2016). These women can also give rational reasons for continuing to smoke during pregnancy, even if they know it is harmful to their health.

Hypothesis. This study had the objective to identify the lay justifications pregnant woman use to justify smoking even though they are concerned about the health consequences. This study was intended to show that women of all races and nationalities can have many reasons to quit smoking, regardless of their race or nationality.

Methods & Population. The study was built on data gathered from women who posted reasons why they smoke during pregnancy. The researches did not alter the content or thought patterns of the posts. The researches also did not contact participants during the research (Goszczynska and al., 2016).

This research used a 47-woman sample to determine the reasons women smoke during pregnancy. None of the participants belonged to any other forum user group. They were also not restricted to one age or race. Participants were anyone who was interested in parenthood. The participants were all pregnancies with a smoking addiction.

Data Collection This research used data collected via the internet forum. Two reasons were given by the researchers for choosing the online forum to collect data. The other reason was the anonymity it offered participants. The participants felt free to express their opinions, knowing that they were not known by their real identities. Another reason is that online forums are popular with pregnant women (Goszczynska and al., 2016). There were many stages to this research. The first stage involved the identification of the top forums online using Google. Among these forums were babyboom.pl, deck-info-rodzice.pl, and mamazone.pl (Goszczynska et al., 2016). Next, they entered several words that were related nicotine and smoking. This allowed us to identify 58 threads which contained 2724 posts. Each post contained a single lay justification from each participant.

Data Analysis Thematic analysis was done on all the posts. Inductive Approach: The first researches used inductive methods. This allowed the data to direct the coding and development of the theme. Coding has many benefits. Coding is a tool that helps to group data. Coding was also helpful in sorting data. Coding also allowed for the organization of all sub-themes into main themes. One theme questioned the necessity to stop smoking and the positive effects on your health; another explored the possibility of quitting.

Results and Findings The majority of justifications offered were subjective. The researchers discovered that most justifications were used by all participants (Goszczynska und al., 2016,). They also noted that certain reasons were only relevant to pregnant women, while others were common to all smokers. They also discovered that pregnant women believed nicotine was safe for their unborn children. They gave several examples of healthy children they had seen delivered by smokers to show why quitting smoking was so absurd. Some women claimed their mothers were smokers before they gave birth to their children to reinforce their belief in the harmlessness of nicotine. Research by Goszczynska et. al. (2016) also revealed that not all mothers believe their lifestyles have any influence on their offspring. They said they knew of many families that were non-smokers with children with severe physical conditions. As most medical professionals claimed, they did not believe that smoking was a factor in most of the disorders. Many women believe quitting smoking is futile because they were exposed to the habit long before becoming pregnant. Some women believed that their habit helped them relieve stress. The stress they experienced was caused by the realization of their pregnancy. The stress was reduced by smoking. These claims were counter to the belief of pregnant women smoking as a major cause for anxiety.

Talk about and consider the consequences of the findings.

The research reveals the reasons women smoke during pregnancy. This research is the first to use nonobtrusive methods to examine pregnant women’s reasons for using tobacco during pregnancy (Goszczynska, et al. 2016). This also shows how women can reduce the risk of smoking. The risk is not enough to make women quit. They are able to change their attitudes towards smoking and reduce their mental pressure. According to research, women feel less anxious when they are aware of the risks. The research also showed that some women rely on medical professionals to justify their subjective reasonings. One example is that some posts might contain professional advice. This could be an over-interpretation.

Research did not reveal all subjective justifications. The authors cite the following justifications: Young people with irresponsible behaviour and limited access for anti-tobacco counselling (Goszczynska and al., 2016).

There were also some drawbacks to this research. One is the possibility that only a small number of forums were analyzed. Another drawback was that there might not have been enough participants to analyze the forums. Studies have shown that internet access is dependent on a person’s socioeconomic status. There is also the possibility that low-income women may not have been able to join data collection forums. According to Goszczynska and colleagues (2016), it is possible that not all of their lay justifications were accounted for.

According to the study, pregnant women smoke despite the health dangers. Research showed that women who are pregnant smoke less than they used to. The research revealed that pregnant women’s thoughts patterns are the biggest obstacle to quitting smoking.